Cnemaspis aaronbaueri

     Cnemaspis aaronbaueri (male)

                                                                     

                Cnemaspis aaronbaueri (female)

 

Cnemaspis ajijae

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Albino Green Keelback, Macropisthodon plumbicolor, Satara, Maharashtra September 2018

Melanophidium khairei Amboli, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra August 2018

Cnemaspis limayei a species of gecko of the family Gekkonidae, common name of this species is Limaye’s Day Gecko described from Marutiwadi, near Phondaghat, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India.

Natural history: This is a nocturnal species found active on the tree trunk above 1 to 3 meters above ground, on the rock bed of a dried stream surrounded by forest, on the walls of houses made of mud and on a stone wall structure in Marutiwadi village. This species is occur in the Radhanagari Wildlife Sanctuary, Radhanagari Maharashtra

Cnemaspis ajijae a species of gecko of the family Gekkonidae, Common name of this species is Ajija’s Day Gecko, described from Mahabaleshwar, Satara district, Maharashtra, India.

Natural history: This species can be found at night in dense evergreen forest and also in the human habitation in Mahabaleshwar also reported from Panchgani (tableland ), and in the jungle area nearby the town of Panchgani.

Cnemaspis amboliensis a species of gecko of the family Gekkonidae, Common name of this species is Amboli Day Gecko described from Amboli, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra, India. 

Natural history: This species is nocturnally active on the tree trunks and rocks of the wooded area of Amboli town  and also found on the inside and outside of the walls of local houses and on the stone compound walls in Amboli town. Populations of this species is good in the Amboli area. 

Cnemaspis mahabali a species of gecko of the family Gekkonidae, Common name of this species is Mahabal’s Day Gecko discribed from Bhira, near Tamhini, Pune district, Maharashtra, India. Natural history: This species is widely distributed in the western parts of Maharashtra, recorded from the coastal area to up on the hills of the Western Ghats below the elevation 600 m from the sea level. The type locality of this gecko is Bhira village, near Tamhini, Pune district, Maharashtra, India, 
Distribution: This species is widely distributed in most parts of the costal forest and hilly regions of western Maharashtra. this species is reported from Ratnagiri district, parts of Thane district, the hilly area of Raigad district, and Pune district. this species can be found in good population in parts of  Devrukh, Guhagar, Chiplun, Mulshi, Tail Baila, Patnus, Bhira, Phansad, Mangaon, Tambadi, and Uran in Maharashtra. Reference:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327307677_Four_new_species_of_the_genus_Cnemaspis_Strauch_1887_Sauria_Gekkonidae_from_the_northern_Western_Ghats_India?_sg=F0x2aACAIe1nz2SYsDyiwyPaG6tuH1JJDrrLB9LvbzwHtidERGHVhiLhLXHh10UIwjwrqN_yPtD-rUw8lJWkoh2Ghjk0k2r2ZkVK4m09.p2pINBQwdYQnct_MAxJL1LuuBxrjg64A5MVIbolleY1cMTh4xiWQKnm5gbHYRgBSQu2nJ0OO7l9hPHbxVCAfNg

                             Flowers of kaas plateau ,Satara 

   

   Ceropegia Media, Kaas , Satara

                                             

Ceropegia vincaefolia

 
     Drosera indica with trapped insects

                                           

Impatiens oppositifolia

     Memecylon umbellatum Anjani,

                                                           

         Murdannia simplex

    Murudannia Lanuginosa

                                                    

           Paracaryopsis coelesina

   Smithia bigemna

                                         The Small Minivet (Pericrocotus cinnamomeus)

                                         Yellow wattled Lapwing (Vanellus malabaricus)

                                         Little Ringed Plover (Charadrius dubius)

                                         White-throated Fantail (Rhipidura albicollis) 

The Greater Coucal

   The Greater Coucal (Centropus sinensis) is a large non-parasitic member of the cuckoo from the family Cuculidae,A widespread resident in Asia, from India, east to south China and Indonesia, it is divided into several subspecies, some being treated as full species. They are large, crow-like with a long tail and coppery brown wings and found in wide range of habitats from jungle to cultivation and urban gardens. They are weak fliers, and are often seen clambering about in vegetation or walking on the ground as they forage for insects, eggs and nestlings of other birds. They have a familiar deep resonant call which is associated with omens in many parts of its range

The Redback spider

                    
                  The Redback spider (Latrodectus hasselti ) is a potentially dangerous spider . It is a member of the genus Latrodectus or the widow family of spiders, which are found throughout the world. The female is easily recognisable by her black body with a prominent red stripe on the upper side of her abdomen. Females have a body length of about a centimetre while the male is smaller, being only 3 to 4 millimetres long. The Redback spider is one of few arachnids which display sexual cannibalism while mating.

This spiders are considered one of the most dangerous spiders in the World. The Redback spider has a neurotoxic venom which is toxic to humans with bites causing severe pain. There is no an antivenom on Redback bites which is commercially available in INDIA…

Carpenter bee

                      Carpenter bees Xylocopa violacea from the the subfamily Xylocopinae are large, hairy bees distributed worldwide. There are some 500 species of carpenter bee in 31 subgenera.^[Their name comes from the fact that nearly all species build their nests in burrows in dead wood, bamboo, or structural timbers except those in the subgenus Proxylocopa, which nest in the ground...

Indian Flap-shelled Turtle

Indian Flap-shelled Turtle is a species of turtle found in South Asia. They are widespread but not uncommon, Distribution of The Indian Flap-shelled Turtle, this turtles are found in Pakistan, India (Sikkim), Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bangladesh (Indus and Ganges drainages), Burma (Irrawaddy and Salween rivers). The Indian Flap-shelled Turtle has been introduced to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.It is also found in the desert ponds of Rajasthan where hundreds are killed every year during the dry summers. The race andersoni is found in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan.

Malabar pit viper

Malabar pit viper (Trimeresurus malabaricus) is a venomous pitviper from the Family Viperidae,this snakes found in southwestern India. They are nocturnal and usually inactive in the day, sometimes seen basking on rocks or trees near streams.This snakes are slow but capable of fast strikes. Venom causes moderate pain and swelling to humans.

Bamboo pit viper

Bamboo pit viper(Trimeresurus gramineus) is a venomous pitviper from the Family Viperidae, This snake species found only in southern India.
Common names of this snake is bamboo viper, Indian tree viper.

Hump-nosed pit viper

Hump-nosed viper(Hypnale hypnale ) is a venomous pitviper species found in India and Sri Lanka,During the day it is often found coiled in bushes. It has an irritable disposition and will vibrate its tail when annoyed.Described as nocturnal, terrestrial and aggressive when disturbed.This snakes Found in dense jungle and coffee plantations in hilly areas.

Bites from this species though previously thought to be innocuous, is now known to cause serious complications such as coagulopathy and acute renal failure .

Saw-scaled viper

Saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) is a venomous snake species from the Family Viperidae, found in parts of the Middle East and Central Asia, and especially the Indian subcontinent,Saw-scaled viper is the smallest snake of the Big Four dangerous snakes of India.
This species is mostly crepuscular and nocturnal, although there have been reports of activity during daylight hours. During the daytime they hide in all kinds of places, such as deep mammal burrows, rock fissures and fallen rotted logs. In sandy environments, they may bury themselves leaving only the head exposed. Often, they are most active after rains or on humid nights. This species is often found climbing in bushes and shrubs, sometimes as much as 2 m above the ground.


Echis carinatus produces on the average of about 18 mg of dry venom by weight, with a recorded maximum of 72 mg. It may inject as much as 12 mg, whereas the lethal dose for an adult is estimated to be only 5 mg. Envenomation results in local symptoms as well as severe systemic symptoms that may prove fatal. Local symptoms include swelling and pain, which appear within minutes of a bite. In very bad cases the swelling may extend up the entire affected limb within 12-24 hours and blisters form on the skin. The venom yield from individual specimens varies considerably, as does the quantity injected per bite. About 20% of all bites are fatal.

Russell's viper

Russell's Viper is also known as GHONASS in some parts of India ,scientificallyit is known as Vipera russelli from the Genus : : Daboia The habitat of the Russels Viper stretches from Indian farmlands to dense rain forests. It is usually found near human settlements. it can grow upto 7 ft's.

Russell's Viper is very aggressive snake by the nature and when it gets irritated it coils tightly, hisses, and strikes with a lightning speed

it has very big fangs with which it can inject venom deeply in to the enemy or prey


The hemipenis are paired copulatory organs, and they are both fully functional.

This species is ovoviviparous. Mating generally occurs early in the year, although gravid females may be found at any time. The gestation period is more than six months. Young are produced from May to November, but mostly in June and July. It is a prolific breeder. Litters of 20–40 are common, although there may be fewer offspring and as little as one. The reported maximum is 65 in a single litter. At birth, juveniles are 215–260 mm in length. The minimum length for a gravid female is about 100 cm. sexual maturity is achieved in 2–3 years. In one case, it took a specimen nearly 6 hours to produce 30 young ones...

Golden Web Spider

The Golden Web Spider (Nephila pilipes) is a species of spider it commonly called as Gaint wood spider . It can be found in Japan, China, Taiwan, Singapore, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, India, Papua New Guinea, and Northern Australia. It is commonly found in primary and secondary forests and gardens. Females are large and grow to a body size of 30-50 mm, with males growing to 5–6 mm.
The Golden Web Spiders web is vertical with a fine irregular mesh and not symmetrical, with the hub is usually nearer the top. Rather than egg sacks being hung in the web, a pit is dug which is then covered with plant debris or soil.
The first, second and fourth pairs of legs of juvenile females have dense hairy brushes, but as the spider matures these brushes disappear…

The Spotted deer

The Spotted deer is also known as chital deer, spotted deer is commonly inhabits wooded regions of Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh and India. They are found in small numbers in Pakistan as well. It is the most common deer species in Indian forests. Its coat is reddish fawn, marked with white spots, and its underparts are white. Its antlers, which it sheds annually, are usually three-pronged and curve in a lyre shape and may extend to 2.5 ft. It stands about 3 ft tall at the shoulder and masses about 85 kg. It's lifespan is around 20–30 years...

The Grass Demon

The Grass Demon is a prominent small species of butterfly found in India from the family Hesperiidae ( skippers),It is regarded as an occasional pest of ginger and turmeric...